Interview Summaries

I have posted the summary of relevant answers or insights from the interviews.

Name: Michael Wang
Age: 25
Number of Siblings: 0
City/Province: Canton, ZhuHai
Marital Status: Single
Social Class: Middle
Years in N.Z: 4 .5 years
Been back to china often, recently: 2 times 2004,2006
N.Z Accommodation: House
Accommodation in china: Apartment
If apartments/high rise: what level? 4

Name: Kevin Ren
Age: 24
Number of Siblings: 0
City/Province: Canton
Marital Status: Single
Social Class: Middle class
Years in N.Z: 4
Been back to china often, recently: every year
N.Z Accommodation: Apartment
If apartments/hostels: what level? 2nd
Accommodation in china: Apartment
If apartments/high rise: what level? 19th

Name: Marko Shi
Age: 24
Number of Sibling(s): 1
City/Province: ShenZhen
Marital Status: Single
Social Class: middle class
Years in N.Z: 6
Been back to china often, recently: every year
N.Z Accommodation: House
Accommodation in china: Apartment
If apartments/high rise: what level? 3



Name: Kent Gao
Age: 31
Number of Siblings: 1
City/Province: SunDe
Marital Status: Married
Social Class: lower middle class
Years in N.Z: 4.5years
Been back to china often, recently: 2007
N.Z Accommodation: House
Accommodation in china: Apartment
If apartments/high rise: what level? 4

Name: Kailin Huang
Age: 22
Number of Siblings: 0
City/Province: ShiChuan, ChengDu
Marital Status: Single
Social Class: Middle Class
Years in N.Z: 4.5years
Been back to china often, recently: 3 times
N.Z Accommodation: House
Accommodation in china: Apartment
If apartments/high rise: what level? 4 and 6 (2 apartments)

Summary:

• N.Z has great views – green, garden everywhere, park everywhere, we have gardens in china but not very good.



• N.Z Air is clean, not polluted like Guangzhou, you can't see the sky.



• You can see stars in china but not as clear as New Zealand.



• Most people likes nature rather than man made buildings.



• Interior walls are mostly white.



• Windows are generally closed, because it gets really dusty.



• Most apartment are not open planned.



• Most curtains and blinds are closed because neighbouring apartments are too close; no privacy, no view and for security reasons.



• Usually 3 people live in a apartment.



• Good views from apartment are expensive.



• Having a beautiful scenery can help them relax, feel more comfortable; or more of a lifestyle than just living.

Product Proposal

“looking out is not just about living, it’s a lifestyle.”

From the Secondary Research that the Designers and I have done from the start of the project, a theme began to emerge from the images that were collated. Most if not all apartment shots which has a Window insight either had the curtains drawn or the view was just shocking. Because of the way most of the apartments are raised, every window that you look out is towards another building, with a view of your neighbors kitchen, toilet, living room, Air Condition units, Railings...everything but beautiful, calming views.

This led to further secondary and primary research into Chinese people's living habits and lifestyles. After interviewing a group of people I came to a conclusion that, if people have a great view to look at, it would enhance their environment and create a better living space. Apartment with good views are expensive, but if you can manipulate your surroundings, it is cheaper.

My product will be a movable screen, using the combinations of new technologies like ‘E-Ink and Electrochromatic Glass/Plastic’ to create a ‘Window’ where the users can look out; dream, be motivated and get inspired. They can change the image whenever they like with a click of a button. There is another function with this product as it is a room divider to divert the flow of “chi” into and around the house.

The dimension of the product is 1800mm x 1800mm x 20mm

Design Freeze!

After looking at the possibilities of creating a product which affects both the the direct user and people around them, I came to a conclusion that it would be plausible but difficult to accomplish given the time frame that we have left for this project.

With that in mind, I decided to take it from the blue sky idea back to square 1. Using the technologies which I have discovered but applied in a different way. Instead of looking at Windows/Blinds/Curtains...the technology will be applied onto a movable screen.

The screen has multiple uses, it can be used as a screen/divider for a room, a backdrop, or used as a TV. The product will include the WiFi, Blue Tooth and Usb Technologies whereby the users can upload and change the images on the screen. The product comes with default still/moving images. The users can buy more images or create their own which can be customised/downloaded by going online to the companies website. This will maintain a loyal customer base to the company.

The next step on this design freeze is to come up with the aesthetics of the screen, to do so, I will research on existing screens both modern and traditional.

Yin Yang 阴阳

The dual concepts of yin and yang – or the single concept Yin-Yang – originate in ancient Chinese philosophy and metaphysics, which describe two primal opposing but complementary principles or cosmic forces said to be found in all non-static objects and processes in the universe. The concept is the cornerstone for Taoism and traditional Chinese medicine.
Yin (Chinese: 陰 or 阴; Pinyin: yīn; literally "shady place, north slope, south bank (river); cloudy, overcast") is the dark element: it is passive, dark, feminine, downward-seeking, and corresponds to the night.

Yang (陽 or 阳; yáng; "sunny place, south slope, north bank (river); sunshine") is the bright element: it is active, light, masculine, upward-seeking and corresponds to the daytime.
Yin is often symbolized by water or earth, while yang is symbolized by fire or wind.
Yin (the receptive, feminine, dark, passive force) and yang (the creative, masculine, bright, active force) are descriptions of complementary opposites rather than absolutes. Any yin/yang dichotomy can be viewed from another perspective. All forces in nature can be seen as having yin and yang states, and the two are in movement rather than held in absolute stasis.

Longsheng

The Dragon's Backbone Rice Terraces, covering an area of 66 square kilometers, these rice terraces were first built in the Yuan dynasty and completed in the Qing dynasty by Zhuang people, making them over 700 years old. The terraced fields are built along the mountain slopes winding from the riverside right up to the peaks, reaching elevations of up to 885m. The views from the tops of these peaks are just superb. While an hour or two is all that is needed to see the designated viewpoints, longer hikes are certainly well worth the effort.

Another interesting design element that can be added onto the product!

National Emblem

The National Emblem of the PRC features Tiananmen Gate beneath the five shining stars, encircled by ears of grain and with a cogwheel at the bottom. The ears of grain, stars, Tiananmen and cogwheel are gold; the field within the circle is red, as are the ribbons festooning the bottom of the circle. These two colors traditionally represent auspiciousness and happiness.

Tiananmen symbolizes the unyielding spirit of the Chinese people in their fight against imperialism and feudalism; the cogwheel and ears of grain represent the working class and the peasantry respectively; the five stars stand for the great unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC).

Farmers are regarded one of the most important peoples in China as they grow crops and rice to feed the nation. In respect of the working class cog whell and grain are used on the emblem, and I might look at ways to incorporate such shapes into my design. Stars represents Unity of chinese people, that too might be incorporated into my design.

China's Flag

The National Flag of the PRC is a red rectangle emblazoned with five stars. The proportion of its length and height is 3 to 2. The upper left of the face of the Flag is studded with five yellow five-pointed stars. One of the stars is bigger than the others, with its circumcircle's diameter being three-tenth of the height of the Flag, and is placed in the left; the four other stars is smaller, with their circumcircle's diameter being one-tenth of the height of the Flag, encircling the big star on its right in the shape of an arch.
The red of the flag symbolizes revolution; the stars are yellow so that they will stand out brightly against the red ground. The larger star represents the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the four smaller ones, the Chinese people. This expresses the great unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the CPC.

For more information visit: http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_22294.htm

IKEA - Similar Philosophy "a better everyday life"

The IKEA business idea is to offer a wide range of home furnishings with good design and function at prices so low that as many people as possible will be able to afford them. And still have money left!

Most of the time, beautifully designed home furnishings are created for a small part of the population — the few who can afford them. From the beginning, IKEA has taken a different path. That means responding to the home furnishing needs of people throughout the world. People with many different needs, tastes, dreams, aspirations...and wallets. People who want to improve their homes and create better everyday lives.

For more information visit: www.ikea.com/ms/en_CN/

Route To Market - Do It Yourselves!

Orient Home, Home Depot, B&Q and more

The home improvement market on the mainland is the most promising in the world: $50 billion in sales in 2005 and growing at 12% a year. Homeownership has skyrocketed, from near zero two decades ago, when there was virtually no private property, to 70% of all housing today.

Even though that these stores sell Do It Yourself goods, they provide the service of installing all the furniture/goods at the purchasers home.

For more information visit: http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_18/b3982066.htm

Using Mirrors or Screens

Too large a doorway will allow Chi to escape from your home. If this is a problem for you it can be easily counteracted by placing a wind chime outside the door. This will also discourage Sha (negative energy) from entering your home. Too small a doorway will not allow enough Chi to enter the home, but placing a mirror on either side of the door or on a wall opposite the door will help to fix the problem.

If the back door can be seen from the front door, Chi can flow straight through your home without circulating. Placing a large potted plant or a screen in between the two will break up the straight lines and help to deflect Chi.

For more information visit: http://www.fengshui-emporium.com/what's%20feng-shui.htm

Enhance Wealth and Prosperity

Do you know where your financial "power spots" are? The contemporary methods of feng shui associate prosperity issues with the back left corner of any space. Stand at your front door facing into the house; your wealth area is at the back of the house on the left-hand side. There's also a wealth area within each room: facing in from the doorway, it's the corner area in the back of the room on the left-hand side. Where are the wealth areas within your office, living room, kitchen, and bedroom? Now that you've identified your money power spots, here are some quick and easy ways to apply feng shui to these spaces:

Enhance your power spots with symbols of prosperity, such as a bowl of coins (add your loose change to it every day), a "lucky bamboo" plant, or anything that symbolizes success and prosperity to you. There are lots of Chinese luck symbols available, but you don't have to use them unless you want to. A picture of your dream house, or a model of that luxury car you long for, is an effective money symbol because it has personal meaning for you.

Chi Flow

Chi is invisible like air and necessary like air and is a combination from oxygen (Yang) and universal energy (Yin). Normally we have six senses. One of them is "smelling". With our nose we check the quality of air and react. For the Chi we just have the 7th sense, the intuition. Some people feel more or less. Some people feel whether they are at any moment at their sweet spot or not. Some few feel the bad energy frequencies on some places and know when they have to leave from there.

If the corridor is straight and narrow, the Chi flows fast. If the door is wide, the Chi flows slow, as the water flows in wide and narrow rivers. The faster the Chi flows the worse it is for the prosperity of that place. Therefore big and wide entrance halls at hotels are very prosperous. If there is a window opposite the door, the Chi leaves immediately and the house has less Chi and less prosperous.

For more information visit: http://www.fengshui-center.ch/FSE1/qi_flow.htm

New Concept For looking Out

One thing I realised is that why design a product that is going to keep all the blinds and curtains shut...people are doing it anyways..and then I thought hard about what is that I want to achieve with my product...and look closely at my design philosphy, I want to motivate, inspire and help others to achieve to their maximum abilities/capabilities and then some...so after I came up with the concept that my product does not only motivate and inspire the owner or the direct user of the product, the real target are those who get inspired and motivated around that person/product. How good It must feel to be able to help someone indirectly...they don't know you, but because of your decision to better yourself and the people around you. That is what china is all about to me..Unity. 1 for all and all for 1.

The product is not just giving people the beautiful pictures that they want as their blinds are closed...its about opening the window...dont hide what you have...show the world the true china...Make a world within a world, if there is no botanic garden on the 34th floor, make one, it would inspire people to look out and anticipate what they might discover, it could be beautiful landscape, luxurious automobile or as simple and amazing; a family portrait. There are no boudaries with my product, its all opportunities, there can be an 8th wonder of the world created by a nation who united to make people around them better, and together they make the world see the real China!

China's National Anthem

Arise,
Ye who refuse to be slaves!
With our very flesh and blood,
Let us build our new Great Wall!
The peoples of China are in the most critical time,
Everybody must roar his defiance.
Arise!
Arise!
Arise!
Millions of hearts with one mind,
Brave the enemy's gunfire, March on!
Brave the enemy's gunfire, March on!
March on!
March on!
on

Looking at the national anthem of china..really emphasise what I am designing for..I am designing not for a specific/niche/sector/social status...I am designing for the greater China, People of China regardless of social status, " Let us build our new Great Wall!", " Millions of hearts with one mind," to make China Greater, show their true colours. Stop people from hiding behind their blinds and curtains, but open up, and looking out...express themselves to the world!

So why Blinds and Technologies? You may ask!

From the Secondary Research that the Designers and myself have done from the start of the project, a theme began to emerge from the images that was collated. Most if not all apartment shots which has a Window insight either had the curtains drawn or the view was just shocking. Because of the way most of the apartments are raised, every window that you look out is towards another building, with a view of your neighbours kitchen, toilet, living room, Air Condition units, Railings...everything but beautiful, calming views.

This led to further secondary and primary research into chinese people's living habits and lifestyles.

Philips Research - Technologies E Ink

Electronic paper / E InkHigh-resolution Electronic Ink Display prototype developed by Philips and E Ink. Electronic Ink Displays have paper-like viewing characteristics with excellent contrast ratio and clear images that can be seen from any angle. They are light-weight, consume no power when showing static images and allow high-resolution images

For more information visit: http://www.research.philips.com/technologies/display/ov_elpap.html

Siemens Electrochromic Display

The New Scientist is reporting on flexible electrochromic displays developed by Siemens:

The display consists of a layer of electrochromic material sandwiched between two electrode layers. The material changes from one colour to another when stimulated by an electric current. The top electrode layer is made from transparent plastic, so the display can be seen clearly through it.The electrochromic mixture used by Siemens, which enables the screen to work so rapidly, has not been disclosed, but commonly used electrochromic substances include conductive polymers such as polyaniline.

The display is controlled by a printed circuit and can be powered by a very thin printable battery or a photovoltaic cell. The goal is to be able to create the entire device – the display and its power source - using the same printing method, so that manufacturing costs would be as low as possible. Siemens expects to achieve this by 2007.

E Ink + Toppan colour filter

Colour E Ink is no longer a possibility, its reality! This would be fantastic technology to be incorporated with my Designed for China Product!

E Ink and Toppan Printing (supplier of LCD colour filters) have announced a full colour electronic ink display, that achieves 12-bit color in a 400×300 pixel format with resolution of 83 pixels per inch, using a custom color filter from strategic partner Toppan. The color filter design has a high-brightness layout (RGBW) that preserves the paper-like whiteness of the background page while enabling deep blacks for text and a range of colors and tones for images. A smart algorithm uses color sub-pixels to smooth black and white text, for enhanced legibility equivalent to a printer. The display diagonal is 6 inches, similar to a paperback book in size. […]Mass production of color electronic paper displays is expected to start at the end of 2006, with future plans for flexible versions.

E Ink

Electronic paper was developed in order to overcome some of the limitations of computer monitors. For example, the backlighting of monitors is hard on the human eye, whereas electronic paper reflects light just like normal paper. It is easier to read at an angle than flat screen monitors. It is lightweight, durable, and highly flexible compared to other display technologies, though it is not as flexible as paper.

The network of electrodes is connected to display circuitry, which turns the electronic ink 'on' and 'off' at specific pixels by applying a voltage to specific pairs of electrodes. Applying a negative charge to the surface electrode repels the particles to the bottom of local capsules, forcing the black dye to the surface and giving the pixel a black appearance. Reversing the voltage has the opposite effect - the particles are forced from the surface, giving the pixel a white appearance. A more recent incarnation[4] of this concept requires only one layer of electrodes beneath the microcapsules.

Polychrome e-paper

Simple colour e-paper[8] consists of a thin coloured optical filter added to the monochrome technology described above. The array of pixels is divided into triads, typically consisting of the standard red, green and blue, in the same way as CRT monitors, although, for commercial releases of e-paper in the forms of newspapers etc, it will most likely be in the 'CMYK' format, for clarity of writing. The display is then controlled like any other electronic colour display.

For more information visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_paper

E Ink, How is it made?

Electronic ink is a special type of ink that can display different colors when exposed to an electric field. It is made through a two step process that involves creating two-toned charged particles and encapsulating them in a transparent polymeric shell. The resulting nanoparticle shells are suspended in a solvent until the ink can be applied to a surface. First developed in the early 1990s, electronic ink promises to revolutionize the printing industry and maybe even change the way we interact with the world.

Electronic ink is like traditional ink in that it is a colored liquid that can be coated onto nearly any surface. Suspended in the liquid are millions of microcapsules that contain tiny, two-toned polymeric particles. One side of the particle is a dark color while the other is a contrasting light color. Similar to a magnet, the dark colored side of the particle has an electric charge that is opposite that of the light colored side. When the ink is exposed to an electric field, the particles realign themselves, depending on the charge of the field. When all of the dark colored sides are attracted to the surface, the ink looks dark. When an opposite electric charge is applied, the light colored sides orient face forward and the surface looks light. This ability to change from white to black or visa versa whenever desired makes electronic ink extremely useful. When a book or other surface is coated with electronic ink, it can be reprogrammed to display different words or pictures.

For more information visit: http://www.answers.com/topic/electronic-ink

E Ink Corporation and Lucent Technologies

E Ink Corporation and Lucent Technologies (NYSE: LU) today announced a major milestone in their effort to develop a flexible, paper-like electronic display, as they jointly demonstrated working prototypes built on thin sheets of plastic. Produced just one year after the development project was announced, these devices prove that electronic ink, driven with printed plastic circuits, is a compelling design for electronic paper and other next-generation displays.

The prototypes consist of a 25-square-inch display area made up of several hundred pixels. The displays were constructed using two ground-breaking developments: E Ink's electronic ink, and Lucent's active-matrix drive circuits printed on plastic, which were developed by Bell Labs, Lucent's research and development unit. The transistors in these circuits are made of plastic materials and are fabricated with a low-cost printing process that uses high-resolution rubber stamps. Their switching properties are similar to typical thin film transistors made with silicon and conventional fabrication methods, but they are mechanically flexible, rugged and lightweight. The electronic ink enables the display's paper-like qualities: extraordinary brightness and contrast under a wide range of lighting conditions; easy viewing from all angles; low power consumption; and plastic film construction.

For more information visit: http://eink.com/press/releases/pr26.html

Polymer dispersed liquid crystal devices

In polymer dispersed liquid crystal devices (PDLCs), liquid crystal droplets are arranged in a sheet between two layers of glass. In the "off" state, they are randomly oriented and, when switched on, they align according to the electic field. The liquid crystals scatter light, without blocking it, thus the glass looks white even when in its transparent state. There is no possibility to control the amount of light and heat passing through, and the device operates in on/off states only. This technology has been used in interior settings for privacy control (for example conference rooms, intensive-care areas, bathroom/shower doors) and as a temporary projection screen. It has been marketed under the name of "switchable privacy glass".

For more information visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_windows

Back Projection

These images shows the potential of Smart Glass using Projections to display images.

For more information visit: http://www.sggprivalite.com/en/applicref/applic_fr.html and http://www.sggprivalite.com/en/applicref/applic_fr.html

How Stuff Work?

While much of the country is concentrating on ways to increase its energy supply, some researchers have been working on new low-power-consuming technologies. Among these new technologies are smart windows, and we aren't talking about Microsoft's operating system. This exciting, cutting-edge window technology allows consumers to block either all light or just some by simply turning a knob or pressing a button. This type of light control could potentially save billions of dollars on heating, cooling and lighting costs (research indicates that approximately 2 percent of all the energy used in the United States is "consumed" by residential windows).

Cleaning window treatments can be a hassle. In this regard, smart-windows are an easy alternative -- no more blinds to clean, or expensive drapery to be professionally cared for. Not only will smart windows cut down on your dry-cleaning bill, but they can save money on your power bill, too. When the summer sun is bathing your house in rays, things can really heat up inside your home, making your air conditioning work overtime. Smart windows can be used to block that extra heat. By blocking UV radiation, smart windows can protect paintings and furnishings in your home or office, too.

For more information visit: http://home.howstuffworks.com/smart-window.htm

SPD Glass

SPD smart window is constructed by using two panes of glass separated by a conductive film with suspended, light absorbing, microscopic particles. Microscopic light-absorbing particles are dispersed within a thin film. When no electrical voltage is applied to the film, these particles absorb light, making the glass dark. When voltage is applied, the particles align and allow light to pass through. By simply adjusting the electrical voltage manually or automatically, the amount of light passing through the SPD-glass product can be controlled quickly and precisely. While this type of smart window is capable of changing at the turn of a button, one disadvantage is that electricity is required to keep the window transparent. However, there are some advantages of this type of smart window over the other two types. Electrochromic glass responds slowly, has limited cycle lifetime, and has an “iris effect” where color change begins at the outer edges of the window and trickles its way toward the center. Liquid-crystal glass is either clear or opaque with no in-between states, and merely scatters light rather than blocking it, which limits it to certain interior privacy applications.

For more information visit: http://www.glassonweb.com/articles/article/192/

New and Developing Technologies

This is a focussed research on NEW technologies or Developing technologies. These innovations will be realised in the next few years, and the application for such technology is vast. The statement below is quoted off a patent document and is a copyright of inventors: WALDER, LORENZ (DE)MOELLER, MARTIN (DE)

The present invention relates to displays displaying high resolution information, in particular to electrochromic displays displaying high resolution information, either in the form of fixed or variable images. The invention also relates to methods for depositing the electrochromic materials onto the substrates and to display created by these methods. The present invention further relates to displays employing large surface area materials especially mesoporous materials. An important type of mesoporous materials are constructed of fused particles (usually nanoparticles) which are typically of a size measured in nanometers. If the fused particles are crystalline in nature (they may be amorphorous) then the material is often referred to as nanocrystalline. The mesoporous materials employed herein may be nanocrystalline but are in any case constructed of nanoparticles. Desirably the materials are nanocrystalline and are more preferably in the form of a thin film.

The invention enables the fabrication of switchable, high resolution icons or alphanumeric information using such deposition techniques. It also allows deposition of materials in a manner consistent with the fabrication of high resolution matrix addressable displays for example by the deposition of individual pixels of electrochromic material.

For more information visit: http://www.freepatentsonline.com/EP1271227.html

What is Electrochromatic Glass?

Also called Smart Glass, or SPD Glass, or Photochromics, or Liquid Crystal, or Photochromatics, or Thermotropics, or Suspended Particle Displays?
It is basically high tech glass. In one moment, the piece of glass looks like ordinary clear glass, but in the next moment, the window can be opaque, or tinted, or coloured, depending on the technology used. It has endless applications, and is currently used in car rear view vision mirrors, automobile sunroofs, and many many more numerous applications. It also has the potential for heating and cooling uses. No more blinds are necessary with most smart glass!

History of Blinds

Say the word "blinds" and some of us picture the two inch wide Venetian blinds of the 50's. They were two inch wide metal slats that were hung together with fabric strips to allow raising, lowering or tilting. They were, generally, noisy and by most standards did little to spruce up a room. But you can go a lot farther back in history to find the first application of blinds to windows. The early Egyptians strung together reeds from the mighty Nile for their version and the ancient Chinese cultures used bamboo. Hop on up to the eighteenth century and blinds were used as a modernization over bulky wooden shutters. Today those metal blinds of the 50's were replaced in the 80's by one inch vinyl mini blinds you can still use to decorate your windows, plus a wide variety of applications. Why are blinds so popular today?

• Blinds can be pleasing to the eye, with regular horizontal lines to make each window uniform, when viewed from either inside or outside your home.
  


• Blinds offer a wide selection of colors and style.
  


• When carefully designed, blinds can give you privacy from neighbors as well as almost complete blockage of light for the daytime sleeper or those long summer days.
  


• Some blinds will help keep the heat in your house in the winter and the sunlight out in the summer, making them a great energy saver.
  


• While fabric window treatments are difficult to clean themselves and if puddled on the floor, difficult to clean around, blinds don't interfere with vacuuming, and with some newer applications of paint, can actually discourage dust from settling on them.

Window Blinds

Pleated Blind

Vertical Blind

Venetian blind details

Details of Blind Stick (turning rod)

Horizontal Blinds

A window blind or door blind is a covering for a window or door, usually attached to the interior side of a window. Blinds hide from sight (thus "blinding" a viewer of the window) or to reduce sunlight. Blinds have varying thermal effects: they can block unwanted heat of the summer sun and they can keep in heat in cold weather. But in both of these applications, they also reduce light to varying degrees, depending on the design. Many kinds of blinds attempt varying balances of blinding external viewers and allowing sunlight.

All kinds of blinds can also be motorised and, because of this, automated. Some motorised door blinds are transpassables (one can cross them). Motorized shades can be controlled from a wall switch or keypad, remote control, or a personal computer. This eliminates the hazard of dangling cords

For more information visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_blind

China's Bobo

Bobo is often used in place of the word yuppie, which has usually negative connotations.

Often of the corporate upper-middle to upper class, they rarely oppose mainstream society, claim highly tolerant views of others, buy lots of expensive and exotic items, and believe American society to be meritocratic.

The term BoBo, short for bourgeois Bohemian, has caught on in China since David Brooks's book "BoBos in Paradise: The New Upper Class and How They Got There" was translated into Chinese and published in separate editions in Taiwan and China.
.In cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, the word is on everyone's lips — especially young executives and other members of the nouveau riche, known in Chinese as "xiaozi" or "petit bourgeoisie" — a group that was once a target of ideological campaigns.

For more information visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourgeois_bohemian, http://www.iht.com/articles/2003/11/26/edlee_ed3_.php, http://www.forbes.com/businesswire/feeds/businesswire/2007/04/02/businesswire20070402005197r1.html
and http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/English/e20038/8p44.htm

China's Illusary Middle Class

Everyone has a different definition of the "middle class" that is supposed to be behind this growth in consumer spending.

"There's no real definition of middle class," said Jonathan Anderson, chief Asia economist at investment bank UBS. "If you want to identify the number of people who can afford a mobile handset, the answer would run to nearly the entire population. If your definition is how many people have 'significant discretionary power', [it's] 100-125 million."

For more information visit: http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/may2007/gb20070509_866451.htm?chan=top+news_top+news+index_global+business

Way of Life

Today, the way of life in China is not different at all from anywhere else in the world due to Western influence. You can see in China today modern apartment complexes and towering high-rise buildings as well as modern style homes. Clothing in China is very similar to that of the Western cultures now.

However, tradition still lingers in all Chinese households and societies all over the world. In older neighborhoods, rural mud and straw houses can still be seen, and in rural areas the traditional way of life are still very alive. And although the way of life now is very modernized, traditional values of family importance and reputation still is felt by all families.

For more information visit: http://library.advanced.org/20443/way_of_life.html

Disecting Middle Class

Who is considered middle class? This is a subject of debate for most people.

It suggests that "middle class" is no longer an abstract concept in sociology but a strong force that could help reshape society as a whole. Political sensitiveness in China means that "middle class" can be termed in many other ways - such as "middle-income stratum," "middle-income group" or just "middle stratum." But it usually refers to a group of people with stable incomes who are capable of purchasing private houses and cars, and can afford the costs of education and holidays. In fact, the emerging "middle class" in China carries special meaning for multinationals that are counting on the huge Chinese market to boost their growth.

Based on an annual growth of one percentage point, the "middle class" people in China is expected to make up for 40 per cent of the total population in 2020, the academy report said.
According to the academy's standard, families with assets valued from 150,000 (US$18,137) to 300,000 yuan (US$36,275) can be classified as middle class.

For more information visit: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-10/27/content_386060.htm

Chinese New and High-Tech Industry

According to statistics, China has made 493,000 important scientific and technological achievements since 1981, of which nearly 20 percent have reached the advanced international levels. To speed up the transfer of scientific and technological achievements, and promote the development of high-tech industry, the Chinese government has implemented a series of policies. At present, over 80 percent of the nation's sci-tech force has been engaged in economic development work and the overwhelming majority of the scientific research institutes specializing in developing technology have gradually taken the road of independent development geared to market operations. In recent years, the business volume of the nation's technology market has increased at an annual rate of over 50 percent.

For more information visit: http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_23224.htm

$$$ Income 收入

The chinese words for income is 收入

Tremendous changes have taken place in the life of the Chinese people in the past 50 years, especially in the past two decades. People's income has been constantly on the rise, and personal properties have steadily increased. Houses and apartments, cars, computers, stocks and traveling abroad have become the main contents of people's daily investments or consumption. In 2000, the GDP per capita exceeded US $800, calculated according to the current exchange rate.
The past 20 years have witnessed the Chinese economy developing at the fastest speed, and the people's income increasing by the largest margin. According to statistics, between 1978 and 2001 the net income per rural resident increased from 134 to 2,366 yuan, at the average annual growth rate of 7.3 percent in real terms; and the disposable income per urban resident increased from 343 to 6,860 yuan, at an average annual growth rate of 6.4 percent in real terms.

For more information visit: http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_23834.htm

Chinese Family 家

Family is the cell of the society, and archons of past dynasties all paid great attention to the stability of families, which affected the stability of the society and the regime of the archon as well.

The Chinese for "family" is Jia 家, which generally means the basic family group, those who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption, living and managing their finances together. In a Jia, the males are all agnatic kin (i.e., blood relations). Sons live in their father's house with their wives, who have been brought in from outside the family. As soon as daughters come of age, they are married out, that is, they join another Jia. They are members of their parents' Jia only as long as they are unmarried. During the wedding ritual, daughters officially sever their ties to their father's patriline, and are pledged to serve their new family, including its ancestors. Males are permanent members of the family they were born into; females, however, are expected to eventually leave their natal family. Women, therefore, are only assured a place in a patriline -- that of their husband, not their father -- when they give birth to a son.

For more information visit: http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_23819.htm

Chinese Culture

Red Packet for Chinese New Year

A Red Packet (Red Envelope) is simply a red envelope with money in it, often decorated with lucky symbols, which symbolizes luck and wealth. It is called Hong Bao in Chinese.
Occasions for Red PacketsTraditionally red packets are handed out to younger generation by their parents, grand parents, relatives, and even close neighbors and friends during Chinese New Year. They are also popular gifts for weddings and birthdays. Nowadays giving red packets as a bonus at the year-end by employers becomes popular.

Chinese Lantern Festival

The Lantern Festival or Yuanxiao Jie is a traditional Chinese festival, which is on the 15th of the first month of the Chinese New Year. The festival marks the end of the celebrations of the Chinese New Year.
Chinese started to celebrate the Lantern Festival from the Han Dynasty (206 BC - 221 AD). Like most other Chinese festivals, there is also a story behind the Festival. It is also believed that the festival has Taoist origins

Chinese New Year

The Spring Festival is the grandest festival for the Chinese. The Spring Festival is also called "Nian", but who knows the term, Nian, was once the name of a furious monster that lived on human beings in the ancient time. How the Festival has some relationship with the monster lies in a story about the origin and development of the Spring Festival.

For more information on chinese culture:

http://chineseculture.about.com/od/culturesociety/Chinese_Culture_and_Society.htm